Stefan Weber has ended careers, forced politicians from office, hounded scores of others and even created a thriving business in his quest to end literary theft.
SALZBURG, Austria — They call him “the plagiarism hunter.” He calls himself “meticulous” and an “addict.”
However he’s characterized, in German-speaking countries where titles are important signals of social standing, Stefan Weber is the undisputed terror of academics, politicians, celebrities and a panoply of other potential culprits.
Mr. Weber, an Austrian communications professor, has ended the careers of several people and made life difficult for many others. And what started as a hobby has now developed into a business with five freelance “collaborators,” as he calls them, working with him to reveal the misdoings of lazy, sloppy or downright sneaky writers.
His latest target: Annalena Baerbock, the Green Party candidate to replace Angela Merkel as German chancellor in elections this month.
Mr. Weber, 51, got started on what would become his life’s work in 2005, when he himself was plagiarized by a German theologian, Joachim Fels, who explained that his failure to acknowledge Mr. Weber’s work properly in his Ph.D. dissertation was the result of an editorial mishap. He seemed to think that would settle the matter, but he did not fully appreciate whom he was dealing with.
Mr. Weber’s public complaint ultimately triggered a university investigation revealing that 86 percent of the first 100 pages of Mr. Fels’s dissertation was plagiarized from Mr. Weber’s work. The fraud was covered prominently in major news media outlets; trailed by a German TV crew, Mr. Weber even door-stepped a perplexed Mr. Fels, who was eventually stripped of his Ph.D.
In the intervening years, armed only with commercial software and a near-photographic memory, Mr. Weber has gone after a variety of prominent figures, including, most recently, Ms. Baerbock.
Following allegations that she embellished her C.V., Mr. Weber ran her newly published book, “Now: How We Renew Our Country,” through Turnitin and other plagiarism-detection programs. It marked at least 12 passages as almost identical with other sources.
“Willful deceit,” said Mr. Weber, who once worked as a tabloid journalist and who publicized his findings in his blog and through numerous interviews with major news organizations in Germany and Austria.
As the issue played out in front-page articles, experts cautioned against applying standards for Ph.D. dissertations to a short nonfiction book by a politician. Many saw a concerted campaign to discredit a highly accomplished woman, while others wondered if the far right had bankrolled Mr. Weber’s research. (He says it didn’t.)
Still, the episode strengthened a sense of Ms. Baerbock as “dubious and sloppy,” Mr. Weber says. The number of passages in the book found to be cribbed from blogs, news columns, books and the Greens’ election program has since grown to more than 100. She led the polls in the spring and her support has since dropped to less than 20 percent, though the plagiarism scandal is not the only factor.
Critics describe him as a persnickety crusader who takes pleasure in character assassination. Even his supporters acknowledge that his drive to hold writers, academics and others to the highest standards can be vexing.
“He always wants to be the best, and he also demands that of others,” says Peter A. Bruck, a former professor at the University of Salzburg who was an academic mentor to Mr. Weber.
Invariably, those who fall short of his expectations will hear about it. When he discovered that his children’s after-school center had plagiarized its “pedagogical concept,” he promptly chastised school officials.
“I know when I’m annoying people with my meticulousness,” Mr. Weber said over lunch at an Italian restaurant near his office in a scruffy industrial district on the outskirts of Salzburg, Austria. When he’s not fasting to stave off the diabetes his doctor predicted a decade ago, he typically enjoys pizza alla diavola, though on this occasion he settled down to a pasta dish while explaining the business side of things.
That consists of investigating academics’ publications, court experts’ opinions and books, for which he bills as much as $400 an hour. But the bulk of his clients typically fall into two categories: Men seeking to discredit their ex-wives amid or after a divorce (but never vice versa) and people trying to undermine their neighbors’ credibility in nasty disputes over property lines.
He says he now receives about 50 inquiries a month, and that people have begun sending him tips on big cases like the one he mounted against Christine Aschbacher, the Austrian labor minister who stepped down in January after a plagiarism scandal.
“It’s a gold mine,” he said of Austrians’ schadenfreude.
Mr. Weber took an odd life route to his current station. Born in Salzburg to a strict and controlling office-clerk father who checked his school bag each evening, and a mother who worked as a homemaker, young Stefan showed early signs of being a math prodigy.
“May you remain humble in triumph,” a teacher cautioned the 11-year-old Stefan. He excelled in most subjects, with physical education being the clear exception. Even these days, when his partner, Birgit Kolb, hikes in the Alps, Mr. Weber opts for the cable car for the climb to the top.
As a student at the University of Salzburg, he realized that the triumph his teacher had foreseen long ago was not going to be found in math. Despite his prodigious memory, he was unable to follow the university math professors and instead turned to “the idiot degree everyone studies: communications.”
Communications was a breeze, and Mr. Weber went on to teach at eight universities of applied sciences in Austria and Germany, always vying for tenure. He never attained it.
“Colleagues described him as ‘socially incompatible,’” says Thomas Bauer, a retired communications professor from the University of Vienna who supported Mr. Weber’s path to tenure. Embroiled in a dispute with a tenured professor and the university’s librarian, he spent his 32nd birthday penning a three-page “letter of protest” to the Austrian Society of Communication.
He also ran afoul of his students, who pushed back indignantly when he accused them of plagiarism in their essays. Out of frustration, he quit two classes, forcing the university to find another instructor to finish the term.
At 37, Mr. Weber moved to Dresden, Germany, where his partner at the time worked as a civil servant. While helping to care for their two children, Maximilian and Anna, he taught at universities and worked as a communications consultant.
He also published books critiquing new media and continued to work with Mr. Bruck, who still lauds Mr. Weber’s intellect and ambition but has little patience for his new career. “From a useful tracker, he transformed into an illegitimate detractor,” he wrote in a 2007 op-ed rebuking Mr. Weber for accusing Johannes Hahn, then Austria’s science minister, of plagiarism. (Mr. Hahn was eventually cleared of the accusation.)
In 2014 Mr. Weber returned to Salzburg, splitting with his then-partner the following year.
Today, he shaves his head before the children, now 10 and 13 years old, arrive for their summer holidays. Responsible parenting leaves him no time to wash his hair, he says, even less so now that he has a baby girl with Ms. Kolb.
Most of those he has named and shamed have neither lost their titles nor jobs, Mr. Weber says, pointing to Mr. Hahn, who went on to become a European Union commissioner. This year, however, when he exposed “plagiarism, wrong citations and poor knowledge of German” in the academic work of Ms. Aschbacher, the labor minister, she stepped down within two days.
For more than a decade, Mr. Weber has promoted plagiarism as a discipline worthy of publicly funded research, but it was only with the Aschbacher case that the government began to take notice. “Only since politics has been hit,” he said, “has politics become interested.”
Now with government funding, he is evaluating how Austria’s universities deploy plagiarism-detection software and is creating a Wiki that is to become the ultimate guide to proper sourcing, quoting and referencing. Eventually, he says, he wants to raise standards so high that he puts himself out of work.
But for now, he needs to scan and digitize the dissertations of two high-ranking civil servants. Mr. Weber picks the bound volumes from the passenger-side floor of his navy blue Volkswagen and notes that they were written in the aughts, a time when plagiarism flourished.
“That’s already making me suspicious,” he says with a mischievous grin.
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